The risk of bird flu to humans is low right now, but state health officials need to be ready to respond, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said in an update issued on April 8. A dairy worker in
Texas was diagnosed with the virus more than a week ago, officials said, prompting a slew of advisories. The CDC recommended that state officials “engage” local agriculture officials and veterinarians to have updated “operational plans to respond to avian influenza” and that state officials should test for and quickly treat bird flu if cases are confirmed among farm workers. The Texas farm worker was reported to be infected on April 1, making it the second case of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza identified in a person in the
United States. One human case was reported in 2022 in
Colorado. The avian influenza also has spread to dairy cows in Texas, Kansas, New
Mexico, Michigan, and Idaho, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in what appears to be the first time the pathogen has infected cattle. The CDC’s “updated recommendations” include “instructions for infection prevention and control measures, using personal protective equipment (PPE), testing, antiviral treatment, patient investigations, monitoring of exposed persons” such as individuals who have been “exposed to sick or dead wild and domesticated animals and livestock with suspected or confirmed infection” with avian influenza. Individuals with a confirmed case or with bird flu-like symptoms should be isolated, given antiviral treatment, and be isolated from household members, according to the notice. “People with job-related or recreational exposures to infected birds, cattle, or other animals are at higher risk of infection and should take appropriate precautions,” the advisory said, while noting that the risk to the public is low. People who own backyard flocks of chickens and other birds, poultry and livestock farmers and workers, and veterinarians should wear “recommended PPE” such as N95 masks, eye protection, and gloves, the CDC said. Washing hands is also advised after any contact with livestock and birds. CDC Director Dr. Mandy Cohen told ABC News this past week that federal authorities have been prepared for an avian influenza outbreak for the past two decades. The USDA said this past week that the nation’s milk supply is safe. Milk from sick cows is being diverted and destroyed so it does not enter the food supply. Pasteurization is required for milk entering interstate commerce, a process that kills bacteria and viruses such as flu. In an update on April 8, the USDA said it did not see the need to cull dairy herds since infected cows were being isolated and reportedly recovering. Avian flu has reached new corners of the globe in recent years, spread by wild birds. Since 2022, 82 million U.S. chickens, turkeys, and other birds have been culled. The virus is fatal to poultry but has been less severe in mammals. This year, H5N1 was also found in a goat in Minnesota on a farm where poultry tested positive.